The namespaces have been around for long time however, it still feel magic. So I start a page to enable magic, in 2019. As time pass it may not be magic anymore or even may become obsolete. An early attempt in Libreswan with Paul.

Design

The namespaces are named as host-testname e.g “east-basic-pluto-01” and “west-basic-pluto-01”. Networking is using bridges. Once we scale up we can keep all tests running at the same time there won’t be any namespace, bridge, network link name collisons.

Network bridge

The bridges on the host are named uniquely. brswan-- . csum is 16bit checksum of testname. The max length of bridge name is 15 characters.

brswan-12-<csum>
  where csum is checksum of test name. So each test can have unique bridge on the system.
  note 12 is part of our IPv4 addressing. 192.1.2.x network. that connect east, west, and nic.
e.g basic-pluto-01 192.1.2.0/24  brswan12-52501

No bridge for the second eth device on east, west, norht, eg. west eth0, 192.0.1.254/24 has no bridge associated because we don’t have sunrise and sunset yet. so eth0 is just hanging in there. this might save us total bridges required on the host.

Network links

Network links are veth type. On the host side they are named as heX. e.g east's eth0 is heaste052501, eth1 of east heaste152501. heaste152501 will join the bridge brswan12-52501

FAQ

How detect from inside the namespace

* "ip netns identify" would return name of the namespace * one way seems to look at eth0. inside namespace "eth1@if107" kvm "eth0:" * detect from SUDO_CMDLINE 

2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:9e:81:71 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
</rep>

* How find veth's peer inside namespace from a host : link-netns

<pre>
on the host ip link output:

107: hweste164512@if106: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master brswan12-64512 state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 4a:34:cd:0e:0c:13 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netns west-ikev2-03-basic-rawrsa

from inside the name space

106: eth1@if107: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 02:10:c8:8e:d2:7e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0

from the host you get the name space name: "link-netns west-ikev2-03-basic-rawrsa"
for exaactly which interface from "ip link" you see "106: eth1@if107",  "107: hweste164512@if106"

Scaling issues to navigate

route cache filling up

[2936616.607520] Route cache is full: consider increasing sysctl net.ipv[4|6].route.max_size.
[2936616.607908] Route cache is full: consider increasing sysctl net.ipv[4|6].route.max_size.
[2936616.609100] Route cache is full: consider increasing sysctl net.ipv[4|6].route.max_size.

sysctl -a | grep "route.max_size"

net.ipv4.route.max_size = 2147483647

google suggest flushing the route cache. That does not seems to help. I think routes are stuck inside namespaces.

ip route flush cache

ip route show cache is empty

ip -all netns exec ip link show
show weired errors.

ip -all netns exec ip link show

netns: east-ikev2-mobike-06
setting the network namespace "east-ikev2-mobike-06" failed: Invalid argument

iptable fails -w 60 seems to help

sudo /usr/bin/nsenter --mount=/run/mountns/west-nstest-4 --net=/run/netns/west-nstest-4 --uts=/run/utsns/west-nstest-4 /bin/bash -c 'cd /testing/pluto/nstest-4;iptables -I INPUT -m policy --dir in --pol ipsec -j ACCEPT
'
Another app is currently holding the xtables lock. Perhaps you want to use the -w option?

I tried putting less /root/.bashrc

alias iptables="iptables --wait 60 --wait-interval=100000"

That seems to have reduced the failure rate from 50% to 2%, when running 500 tests 10 tests in parallel. Changing to –wait 120 still cause 1.3% errror. Going above 120 seconds would skew tests. They usually timeout in 120 seconds

would this work on foo 7/CentOS7: not yet too old util-linux

unshare and or nsenter do not suppor –mount[=file] option.

seems to be some options.

fedora 28
unshare -V
unshare from util-linux 2.32.1

-m, --mount[=file]
   Unshare the mount namespace.  If file is specified, then a persistent namespace is cre‐ated
   by a bind mount

---- old one foo 7 -----
unshare -V
unshare from util-linux 2.23.2

-m, --mount
   Unshare the mount namespace.

=== test using “sudo unshare –net=/run/netns/east-basic-pluto-01 /usr/bin/bash” ===

outstanding issues

reduce the use of iptables

This would go in steps. First make sure the swan-prep crate the LOGDROP traget only when a test need it. grep in the test scripts for LOGDROP. So mostly it will only run on the initiator.

proxy arp route missing on east

See the 20 Sep 2019 post extract MAC address from “ip -o link sow dev eth0” - awk?

MAC address mismatch

the NICs, on east, west, road, north in KVM use a consistant MAC address. Namespace does not have this yet. It can be done need more work.

here is an example of diff testrun ikev2-xfrmi-06

  ip addr show dev eth0
-2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default
-    link/ether 12:00:00:ab:cd:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
-    inet 192.1.3.209/24 brd 192.1.3.255 scope global eth0
+X : eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
+    link/ether fa:79:7a:e3:fc:49 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
+    inet 192.1.3.209/24 scope global eth0
        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

order of ip -o addr show scope global

the command “ip -o addr show scope global” very likely to produce different order in kvm and namespace runs

[root@west ikev2-xfrmi-08]# ip addr show scope global
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 12:00:00:ab:cd:ff brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 12:00:00:64:64:45 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.1.2.45/24 brd 192.1.2.255 scope global eth1
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: ipsec17@eth1: <NOARP> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/none 12:00:00:64:64:45 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.0.1.254/24 scope global ipsec17

In namespace

t ikev2-xfrmi-08]# ip addr show scope global
2: ipsec17@eth1: <NOARP> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/none 12:00:00:64:64:45 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.0.1.254/24 scope global ipsec17
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2053: eth0@if2054: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
Error: Peer netns reference is invalid.
    link/ether 12:00:00:ab:cd:ff brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
2056: eth1@if2057: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 12:00:00:64:64:45 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
    inet 192.1.2.45/24 scope global eth1
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

== “kernel:unregister_netdevice: waiting for eth1 to become free. Usage count = 1” reboot host==

This error message seems to appear due a race condition when deleting XFRMi and veth on the host. The xfrmi device, ipsec1 is deleted and immediately deleting the veth device seem to cause this error? I think that is the order.

nsrunner 7.00/6.06: swantest # (/usr/sbin/ip link show | grep 'master brswan13-61314' || (/usr/sbin/ip link show brswan13-61314 && /usr/sbin/ip link set brswan13-61314 down && /usr/sbin/ip link del name brswan13-61314)) || true
nsrunner 17.01/16.07: TIMEOUT (/usr/sbin/ip link show | grep 'master brswan13-61314' || (/usr/sbin/ip link show brswan13-61314 && /usr/sbin/ip link set brswan13-61314 down && /usr/sbin/ip link del name brswan13-61314)) || true
nsrunner 17.01/16.07: swantest # /usr/sbin/ip link show hroade061314 && /usr/sbin/ip link set hroade061314 down && /usr/sbin/ip link del name hroade061314 || true

Message from syslogd@swantest at Oct  8 12:42:54 ...
 kernel:unregister_netdevice: waiting for eth1 to become free. Usage count = 1

“Error: Peer netns reference is invalid.”

= It seems when the namespaces get mangled up any “ip” command would output this error. For now I am sanitizing it.

running the tests in parallel worker pool

=

support bind mount installation using RPM or make install-base

This would help us test two versions of libreswan against each other. Say interoperate between 3.28 - 3.25.

can not attch gdb in side the namesapce??? gdb -p ‘pidof pluto` will not work

If your run “gdb -p ‘pidof pluto`” inside the namesapce gdb may attach to wrong namesapce. Becuse pidof pluto will see all plutos on the host.

gdbp -p `pidof pluto`
warning: the debug information found in "target:/usr/lib/debug//lib64/ld-2.29.so.debug" does not match "target:/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2" (CRC mismatch).

warning: the debug information found in "target:/usr/lib/debug/lib64//ld-2.29.so.debug" does not match "target:/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2" (CRC mismatch).

Missing separate debuginfo for target:/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2
Try: dnf --enablerepo='*debug*' install /usr/lib/debug/.build-id/bd/5e36f101b175755c7943105390078dff596657.debug
0x00007fce108e249e in ?? ()

also “gdbp -p $(cat /run/pluto/pluto.pid)” fails

route cache filling up

So testruns appeared to fill up route cache and packets will not forward.

python threads locking up

It seems often the the workers, started using ProcessPoolExecutor seems to lock up. They sit there doing nothinng I have been looking at them using gdb

gdb  /usr/bin/python3.7 -p <pid>
(gdb) py-bt
Traceback (most recent call first):
  File "/usr/lib64/python3.7/multiprocessing/synchronize.py", line 95, in __enter__
    return self._semlock.__enter__()
  File "/usr/lib64/python3.7/multiprocessing/queues.py", line 93, in get
    with self._rlock:
  File "/usr/lib64/python3.7/concurrent/futures/process.py", line 226, in _process_worker
    call_item = call_queue.get(block=True)
  File "/usr/lib64/python3.7/multiprocessing/process.py", line 99, in run
    self._target(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
  File "/usr/lib64/python3.7/multiprocessing/process.py", line 297, in _bootstrap
    self.run()
  File "/usr/lib64/python3.7/multiprocessing/popen_fork.py", line 74, in _launch
    code = process_obj._bootstrap()
  File "/usr/lib64/python3.7/multiprocessing/popen_fork.py", line 20, in __init__
    self._launch(process_obj)
  File "/usr/lib64/python3.7/multiprocessing/context.py", line 277, in _Popen
    return Popen(process_obj)
  File "/usr/lib64/python3.7/multiprocessing/process.py", line 112, in start
    self._popen = self._Popen(self)
  File "/usr/lib64/python3.7/concurrent/futures/process.py", line 593, in _adjust_process_count
    p.start()
  File "/usr/lib64/python3.7/concurrent/futures/process.py", line 569, in _start_queue_management_thread
    self._adjust_process_count()
  File "/usr/lib64/python3.7/concurrent/futures/process.py", line 615, in submit
    self._start_queue_management_thread()
  File "/home/build/libreswan/testing/utils/nsrun", line 3790, in run_ns_q_conc
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
  File "/home/build/libreswan/testing/utils/nsrun", line 3744, in do_test_list_new
    else:
  File "/home/build/libreswan/testing/utils/nsrun", line 3985, in main
    return
  File "/home/build/libreswan/testing/utils/nsrun", line 4069, in <module>

gdb magic to get python bt
dnf debuginfo-install python3
dnf debuginfo-install python3-3.7.3-3.fc29.x86_64

Further ideas

Mixed KVM + namespace

One host, the you are debuggig is KVM and rest of the hosts are namesapce. Quicker development and debugging

isolate the bridges completley

create namesapces completely isolated. use bridge forwarding??

Good to know

nsenter alias/function

NSENTER()
{
 ns=$1
 nsargs="--mount=/run/mountns/${ns} --net=/run/netns/${ns} --uts=/run/utsns/${ns}"
 NSENTER_CMD="/usr/bin/nsenter ${nsargs} "
 sudo ${NSENTER_CMD} /bin/bash
}

# Then type

NSENTER east-basic-pluto-01